Sheet diverter and method for deflecting a sheet

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a sheet diverter for a printing machine ( 100 ) and a method for diverting a sheet. The sheet diverter comprises a first transport unit ( 1 ) that defines a first transport path; a second transport unit ( 2 ) that defines a second transport path being at an angle relative to said first transport path; a pressure roller ( 3 ) that can be moved between a first and a second position, said pressure roller ( 3 ), when in its first position, being in contact with the first transport unit ( 1 ), and, when in its second position, being in contact with the second transport unit ( 2 ); a deflecting element ( 5 ) that can be moved between a first and a second position, said deflecting element ( 5 ), when in its first position, enabling a sheet to be transported along the first transport path and blocking said sheet from being transported along the second transport path, and, when in its second position, blocking said sheet from being transported along the first transport path and deflecting said sheet to the second transport path; an actuating device ( 9 ) for simultaneously moving the pressure roller ( 3 ) and the deflecting element ( 5 ) between their respective first and second positions.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a sheet diverter for a printing machine and toa method for deflecting a sheet out of a first transport path, in whicha sheet is transported through a first transport unit, to a secondtransport path, in which a sheet is transported through a secondtransport unit.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

When processing individual sheets in a printing machine, it isfrequently necessary to guide successive sheets to different transportpaths. Regarding this, it is known to provide sheet diverters atdifferent locations of a printing machine, where sheets are transportedalong a first transport path or are deflected from the first transportpath to a second transport path. To accomplish this, the sheet diverter,as a rule, comprises first and second transport units that are able toguide the sheets along separate transport paths. Transport units withbelt drives interacting with respective counter rollers for receivingsheets between them are known. As a rule, a deflecting elementdetermines whether a sheet is received and transported by the first orthe second transport unit, said deflecting element clearing onetransport path and blocking the other.

In the region of the sheet diverter, the first and the second transportunits are arranged, as a rule, at a small distance relative to eachother, and there is only very limited design space for the accommodationof the deflecting element, in particular when belt drives with counterrollers are used.

DE 195 30 052 A shows a known sheet diverter comprising first and secondtransport units, each comprising a belt drive. Furthermore, so-calleddeflecting belts are provided, each cooperating with the belt drives.The deflecting belts are guided at least partially via a deflectingelement in order to align the deflecting belt with the belt drive of theone or the other transport unit. This results in a complex design forthe belt arrangement of the deflecting belt. Furthermore, separate meansfor deflecting the deflecting belt are provided, thus resulting in acomplex design of the sheet diverter.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Therefore, it is the object of the present invention to provide asimple, space-saving and functionally reliable assembly for the sheettransport in the branching region of a sheet diverter.

This object is achieved with a device displaying the features of claim 1and a method displaying the features of claim 19. Additionalmodifications of the invention are represented in the subclaims.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, a sheet diverter for aprinting machine is provided, said sheet diverter being arranged in asheet path of the printing machine. The sheet diverter comprises a firsttransport unit that defines a first transport path and a secondtransport unit that defines a second transport path, said secondtransport path being at an angle relative to said first transport path.Furthermore, the sheet diverter comprises a pressure roller that can bemoved between a first and a second position, said pressure roller, whenin its first position, being in contact with the first transport unit,and, when in its second position, being in contact with the secondtransport unit, and comprises a deflecting element that can be movedbetween a first and a second position, said deflecting element, when inits first position, enabling a sheet to be transported along the firsttransport path and blocking said sheet from being transported along thesecond transport path, and, when in its second position, blocking saidsheet from being transported along the first transport path anddeflecting said sheet to the second transport path. The sheet divertercomprises an actuating device for simultaneously moving the pressureroller and the deflecting element between their respective first andsecond positions. The movable pressure roller enables an assignment ofsaid roller to the first or the second transport unit and thus enables areliable receipt of a sheet in a transition region between the first andsecond transport units requiring little space. The simultaneous movementof the pressure roller and the deflecting element simplifies the designof the sheet diverter, on the one hand, and, in addition, ensures areliable switching between the transport paths.

Preferably, the movements of the pressure roller and the deflectingelement are mechanically coupled in order to ensure a reliable andsimultaneous movement of both elements via a single actuator. For aspace-saving coupling of movements, the pressure roller and thedeflecting element are preferably mounted so as to be pivotable aboutseparate centers of rotation. In a first embodiment, the actuatingdevice comprises a lifting unit and a lever, said lever bearing thepressure roller, the lever end opposite the pressure roller beingconnected to the lifting unit. The lever may have two legs at an anglerelative to each other and may be supported about a center of rotationat the vertex of the two legs. This allows the arrangement of anactuator of the actuating device at a location remote from the elementsthat are to be moved, in particular, the movable pressure roller.Furthermore, the lever can be used to select the adjustment path of theactuator in a different way, in particular, so as to be smaller than therequired movement of the pressure roller. Preferably, the anglesubtended by the two legs is 90°.

The deflecting element is supported so as to be pivotable about a centerof rotation and is coupled to a movement of the pressure roller so thata movement of the pressure roller causes the deflecting element to bepivoted about an axis of rotation of the center of rotation. The centerof rotation of the deflecting element is located between the pressureroller and a tip of the deflecting element, said tip being disposed toreceive the sheets.

The angle between the first transport path and the second transport pathis preferably at most 30°-35° in order to be able to also transportheavier-weight papers. Angles beyond that could excessively stressheavier-weight paper. The main conveying direction along the firsttransport path preferably extends in a straight line, so as to minimizethe angling of the sheets.

In one embodiment, a transport element of the second transport unit isin contact with a transport element of the first transport unit and isdriven thereby, thus enabling a synchronized movement of the twotransport elements with a simple design comprising only one drive.

Preferably, the deflecting element comprises two elements, with a firstelement being arranged on the one side of the belt drive of the secondtransport unit and a second element being arranged on the other side ofthe belt drive of the second transport unit.

The deflecting element has the form of a fork in the region of thepressure roller. Consequently, simple mounting to a shaft of thepressure roller is possible. The pressure roller and the deflectingelement are coupled by means of a shaft of the pressure roller and areoptionally also connected by said shaft with the lever. Preferably, thetransport units comprise belt drives that cooperate with the pressurerollers because they are cost-effective and allow a flexible arrangementof the transport paths. Preferably, each of the transport unitscomprises at least one centrally arranged transport belt.

Preferably, there is also provided a method for diverting a sheet out ofa first transport path in which a sheet is transported through a firsttransport unit, into a second transport path in which a sheet istransported through a second transport unit, wherein a deflectingelement is moved into the first transport path in such a manner that asheet being moved along said first path is deflected to the secondtransport path. While the deflecting member is being moved, a pressureroller is being moved out of a first position where it is in contactwith the first transport unit, and into a second position where it is incontact with the second transport unit. As a result of this, it ispossible for the sheet to be reliably received in the respectivetransport path while requiring little space.

Preferably, the movements of the pressure roller and the deflectingelement are mechanically coupled with each other, and the movement ofthe two elements is accomplished by means of a single actuator. Themovement of the pressure roller may be accomplished by means of apivotable lever, said lever being coupled with the actuator, on the onehand, and with the pressure roller, on the other hand.

Preferably, the movement of the pressure roller and the deflectingelement, respectively, comprises a pivoting motion.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Exemplary embodiments that may result in additional features, with theinvention not being restricted to their scope however, are shown by thedrawings. They show in

FIG. 1 a schematic side view of a printing machine;

FIG. 2 a schematic side view of a sheet diverter for a printing machine;

FIG. 3 a schematic plan view of a partial region of a sheet diverter.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the description hereinafter, information regarding location and/ordirection relates primarily to the representations in the drawings andshould thus not be viewed as being restrictive. However, it may alsorelate to a preferred final arrangement.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of an exemplary printing machine 100,said printing machine being designed for sheet printing.

The printing machine 100 comprises a housing 101, in which or on whichdifferent elements are mounted. These elements are, for example, sheetfeeders in the form of sheet cassettes 102, 103, various transport units104 for transporting sheets inside the printing machine 100, a pluralityof printing units 105, a fusing unit 106, a first sheet diverter 107, afirst output unit 108, a second sheet diverter 109, a second output unit110, as well as a turning unit 111.

In order to simplify the illustration, housing components that wouldprevent a view of the inside of the printing machine 100 have been leftoff. The depicted printing machine 100 is a printing machine formulti-color printing.

The plurality of transport units 104 are arranged in the printingmachine 100 in such a manner that they define a main transport directionP through the printing machine. In particular, they are arranged so asto transport individual sheets from the sheet cassettes 102, 103 alongthe plurality of printing units 105 and the fusing unit 106 to one ofthe output units 108, 110. The sheet diverters 107, 109 enable aflexible path through the printing machine. Thus, the sheets can beguided, for example, after printing a recto side of said sheets, intoone of the output units 108, 110. However, they can also be selectivelyguided again to the printing units by way of a turning unit 111 forprinting the verso side of the sheets. For this, the sheet diverters107, 109 define the respective path followed by a sheet. The sheetdiverters 107, 109 may be of the same type or of different types.

With reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, the sheet diverter 107 will beexplained in detail hereinafter, FIG. 2 being a schematic side view ofthe sheet diverter and FIG. 3 being a plan view of the components of thesheet diverter 107. The sheet diverter 107 comprises a first transportunit 1, a second transport unit 2 (left out in the plan view accordingto FIG. 3), a movable pressure roller 3, a deflecting element 5 and amovement unit 9.

The first transport unit 1 essentially comprises an upper part 23 and alower part 24. The upper part 23 of the first transport unit 1 comprisesa holding profile 13 and a plurality of stationary pressure rollers 19.The holding profile 13 essentially has a U-shaped cross-section that isopen in downward direction and has seats for the shafts of the pluralityof pressure rollers 19. The plurality of pressure rollers 19 is seatedin the holding profile in such a manner that said pressure rollersproject beyond the holding profile 13 in downward direction.

The lower part 24 of the first transport unit 1 comprises a pair ofstationary deflecting and/or driving rollers 17 that are circumscribedby a tensioned transport belt 22. One of the deflecting and/or drivingrollers 17 is coupled with a driving unit 14 in order to move thedeflecting and/or driving rollers 17 and, via said rollers, thetransport belt 22 in a circulating manner in the direction of arrow A.The deflecting and/or driving roller coupled with the drive is locatedopposite a pressure roller 19 in such a manner that a transport gap forthe transport belt 22 is formed in such a manner that said transportbelt is in contact with both rollers 17, 19.

A plurality of stationary guide rollers 18 is arranged between thedeflecting and/or driving rollers 17 and inside the transport belt. Theguide rollers 18 have a smaller diameter than the deflecting and/ordriving rollers 17 and are in contact with one inside of the transportbelt 22. The guide rollers 18 are arranged in such a manner that eachguide roller is located opposite a pressure roller 19 of the upper part23, so that a transport gap is formed for moving through the transportbelt in a contacting manner. Furthermore, another guide roller 18′ isprovided, said guide roller being located between the deflecting and/ordriving rollers 17 and being in contact with one interior side of thetransport belt. As will be described in greater detail hereinafter, thisguide roller 18′ is arranged in the region of the movable pressureroller 3. The deflecting and/or driving rollers 17, as well as thepressure rollers 18, 18′, are held in their positions by a suitableholding device (not illustrated). Adjacent to the lower part 24 of thefirst transport unit, a guide baffle may be provided for guiding thesheets as indicated at 40.

The second transport unit 2 may essentially be designed in the samemanner as the first transport unit; however, it must be provided with adifferent orientation. In the shown embodiment, the second transportunit has an upper part 25 and a lower part 26.

The lower part 26 of the second transport unit comprises a holdingprofile 10 and a plurality of stationary pressure rollers 20. Theholding profile 10 essentially has a U-shaped cross-section that is openin upward direction and has seats for the shafts of the plurality ofpressure rollers 20. The plurality of pressure rollers 20 is seated inthe holding profile in such a manner that said pressure rollers projectbeyond the holding profile 10 in upward direction.

The upper part 25 of the second transport unit 2 comprises a pair ofstationary deflecting rollers 16, a transport belt 21 being tensionedaround said deflecting rollers. One of the deflecting rollers 16 isarranged in such a manner that the transport belt 21 is in contact withthe transport belt 22 of the first transport unit 1 and can thus bemoved so as to circulate in the direction of arrow B.

A plurality of stationary guide rollers 11 is arranged between thedeflecting rollers 16 and inside the transport belt 21. The guiderollers 11 have a smaller diameter than the deflecting rollers 16 andare in contact with one inside of the transport belt 21. The guiderollers 11 are arranged in such a manner that one guide roller 11,respectively, is located opposite one pressure roller 20 of the lowerpart 26, so that a transport gap is formed for contacting passage of thetransport belt 21. Furthermore, another guide roller 11′ is provided,said guide roller being located between the deflecting rollers 16 andcontacting one interior side of the transport belt 21. As will bedescribed in detail hereinafter, this guide roller 11′ is arranged inthe region of the movable pressure roller 3. The deflecting rollers 16,as well as the pressure rollers 11, 11′, are held in their positions bya suitable holding device (not illustrated). The first and the secondtransport units 1, 2 are arranged relative to each other so that therespective transport belts 22, 21 form an angle of between 20° and 50°,preferably between 30° and 35°, between them.

The first transport unit 1 and the second transport unit 2 define afirst or a second transport path. The first transport path extends in astraight line in the transport direction (arrow A) of the transport belt22 between an input arrow C and an output arrow D of the sheet diverter107 shown in FIG. 2. The second transport path is at an angle relativeto the first transport path and extends in transport direction (arrow B)of the transport belt 21, starting from the contact region between thetransport belts 22, 21, to an output arrow E.

A central transport belt is used for the respective transport path, saidtransport belt being arranged in the center of a sheet 15 to betransported (see FIG. 3). This ensures a certain symmetry so that thesheet 15 is not twisted during transport. Alternatively, the transportunits may also comprise two transport belts that are arranged off-centerand parallel to each other.

The movable pressure roller 3 is arranged in the angled region betweenthe transport belts 22, 21 of the first and second transport units 1, 2and kept movable in such a manner that it can be moved in contact withthe one or the other transport belt 22, 21. To do so, the pressureroller 3 is rotatably supported on an axle 30, said axle being movable,via a movement mechanism, transversely to the axial direction, as willbe still be explained in detail hereinafter.

The deflecting element 5 is also arranged in the angled region betweenthe transport belts 22, 21 of the first and the second transport units1, 2 and extends, at least partially, between the movable pressureroller 3 and the transport belts 22, 21. The deflecting element 5comprises two elements 35 that have identical form and are each arrangedin such a manner that they can receive, at least partially, a transportbelt 22, 21 of the first and second transport units 1, 2 between them.Each of the elements 35 is an elongated element that tapers to a point 7on one end. On the opposite end 6, the elements 35 have the form of afork. Between the two ends, the elements 35 are supported so as to berotatable about a rotary axle 8. The rotational axis is located at apoint between the axle 30 for the pressure roller 3 and the transportbelts 22, 21 of the transport units 1, 2. The fork-shaped end of theelements is dimensioned and arranged in such a manner that it extends atleast partially around the axle 30 of the pressure roller 3. A movementof axle 30 transversely with respect to axial direction causes apivoting of the respective elements 35 about the rotary axle 8, as willbe described in detail hereinafter.

Although the deflecting element 5 was described as consisting of twoseparate elements 35, it may also consist of one piece and havespaced-apart deflecting fingers that are rigidly connected with eachother, for example, in the region of the rotational axis.

The movement unit 9 comprises a lifting unit 41 and two lever arms 42.The lifting unit 41 is mounted to the holding profile 13 and may be of atype that is suitable to perform a linear movement. In the illustratedembodiment, a lifting magnet is provided, said magnet moving a stamp 44back and forth in linear direction. The stamp 44 of the lifting unit 41is connected, on its free end, with a connecting rod 45 (see FIG. 3)that connects the two lever arms 42 with each other. The position shownin FIG. 2 represents a not actuatable position of the lifting unit 41,wherein said lifting unit may be biased, for example, via a spring oranother pretensioning element. When the lifting unit is actuated, thestamp 44 is moved by the lifting magnet to the right against the bias.

Each of the lever elements 42 has two legs 46 bent at a right anglerelative to each other, each of said legs being supported in the vertexof the two legs about a rotary axle 48. The rotary axle is mounted tothe holding profile 13, and the lever elements 42 are arranged in such amanner that the holding profile 13 is received at least partially inbetween. The free end of one leg 46 is connected with the connecting rodon which the stamp 44 is provided. The free end of the other leg 46receives one end of the rotary axle 30 for the pressure roller 3.Consequently, the pressure roller 3 is rotatably supported by the leverelements 42 and can be pivoted with said lever arms about the rotaryaxle 48 in order to be able to provide a movement of the pressure rollertransversely with respect to the rotary axle 30. In particular, thepressure roller 3 can be pivoted out of the position shown in FIG. 2,where it is in contact with the transport belts 22 in the region of theguide roller 18′, into a position where it is in contact with thetransport belts 21 in the region of the guide roller 11′. As is obviousto the person skilled in the art, such a movement is transmitted via thefork-shaped part of the elements 35 (see FIG. 3) and the rotary axle 8of the deflecting element 5 to also produce a pivoting movement of thedeflecting element 5. In particular, the deflecting element 5 can bepivoted out of the position shown in FIG. 2, where it enables a sheettransport along the first transport unit 1 and blocks it along thesecond transport unit 2, into a position, where it blocks a sheettransport along the first transport unit 1 and enables it along thesecond transport unit 2. A transport along the respective transport unit1, 2 is blocked in that the elements 35 (FIG. 3) of the deflectingelement partially extend around a respective transport belt 22, 21.

Hereinafter, the operation of the sheet diverter 107 will now beexplained in greater detail with reference to the figures. The sheetdiverter is first in the position shown in FIG. 2, where the movablepressure roller 3 is in contact with the transport belts 22 in theregion of the guide roller 18′. The deflecting element 5 is in aposition, where it enables a sheet transport along the first transportunit 1 and blocks said sheet transport along the second transport unit2. The transport belt 22 is moved by the drive 14 in a circulatingmanner in the direction of arrow A. Due to the contact between thetransport belts 22 and 21, the transport belt 21 is moved in acirculating manner, as illustrated by arrow B.

A sheet delivered to a sheet diverter 107 in the region of input arrow Cis carried along by the transport belt 22 and sequentially conveyedthrough the transport gaps that are formed between the transport belt 22and the transport belt 21, the pressure roller 3 and the pressurerollers 19. The sheet leaves the sheet diverter 107 in the region ofoutput arrow D.

If, before the sheet is fed into the sheet diverter, a sheet is to beoutput by the sheet diverter 107 in the direction of output arrow E,i.e., along the second transport path, the movement unit 9 is actuatedbefore the sheet is supplied. In particular, the lifting magnet isactivated in such a manner that the stamp 44 is retracted, i.e., movedto the right in FIG. 2. As a result of this, the lifting elements 42 arepivoted about the rotary axle 48. This causes the pressure roller 3 tobe moved out of contact with the transport belt 22 via said pressureroller's rotary axle 30 and into contact with the transport belt 21.When the pressure roller 3 is in contact with the transport belt 21 inthe region of the guide roller 11′, the pivoting movement stops; acertain bias of the pressure roller may be generated via the liftingmagnet.

Via the fork-shaped part of the elements 35, the above-describedmovement of the rotary axle 30 of the pressure roller 3 also effects apivoting of the deflecting element 5 about the rotary axle 8. Inparticular, the tip 7 of the deflecting element 5 is pivoted out of theposition shown in FIG. 2 where it enables a sheet transport along thefirst transport unit 1 and blocks said sheet transport along the secondtransport unit 2, into a position where it blocks a sheet transportalong the first transport unit 1 and enables said sheet transport alongthe second transport unit 2.

A sheet that is now delivered to the sheet diverter 107 in the region ofinput arrow C is again first carried along with the transport belt 22,and, after having passed through the transport gap between the transportbelt 22 and the transport belt 21, said sheet is deflected upward by thedeflecting element 5. The leading edge of the sheet slides along thedeflecting element in the direction of the transport gap between thetransport belt 21 and the pressure roller 3 and is then received thereinbetween. Subsequently, the sheet is transported further along thetransport belt 21 through the transport gaps between the transport belts21 and the pressure rollers 20 toward output arrow E, and output therefrom the sheet diverter 107.

The invention was explained in detail with the use of specific designswithout being restricted to any specific embodiment. In particular, thedesign of the movement unit may deviate from the illustrated form.

1. Sheet diverter for a printing machine, comprising: a first transportunit that defines a first transport path; a second transport unit thatdefines a second transport path being at an angle relative to said firsttransport path; a pressure roller that can be moved between a first anda second position, said pressure roller when in its first position,being in contact with the first transport unit, and, when in its secondposition, being in contact with the second transport unit; a deflectingelement that can be moved between a first and a second position, saiddeflecting element, when in its first position, enabling a sheet to betransported along the first transport path and blocking said sheet frombeing transported along the second transport path, and, when in itssecond position, blocking said sheet from being transported along thefirst transport path and deflecting said sheet to the second transportpath; an actuating device for simultaneously moving the pressure rollerand the deflecting element between their respective first and secondpositions.
 2. Sheet diverter as in claim 1, wherein the movements of thepressure roller and the deflecting element are mechanically coupled. 3.Sheet diverter as in claim 1, wherein the pressure roller and thedeflecting element can be pivoted about separate centers of rotation. 4.Sheet diverter as in claim 1, wherein the actuating device comprises alifting unit and a lever, said lever bearing the pressure roller. 5.Sheet diverter as in claim 4, wherein the lever has two legs at an anglerelative to each other and is supported about a center of rotation atthe vertex of the two legs.
 6. Sheet diverter as in claim 5, wherein theangle formed by the two legs is 90°.
 7. Sheet diverter as in claim 4wherein one end of the lever supports the pressure roller and the otherend of said lever is connected with the lifting unit.
 8. Sheet diverteras in claim 1, wherein deflecting element is supported so as to bepivotable about a rotary axle and is coupled to a movement of thepressure roller, so that a movement of the pressure roller causes thedeflecting element to be pivoted about an axis of rotation of the rotaryaxle.
 9. Sheet diverter as in claim 8, wherein the rotary axle of thedeflecting element is located between the pressure roller and a tip ofthe deflecting element, said tip being disposed to receive the sheets.10. Sheet diverter as in claim 1, wherein the deflecting elementcomprises two elements that can be moved together and, depending on theposition of the deflecting element, extend at least partially aroundtransport elements of the first or the second transport units.
 11. Sheetdiverter as in claim 1, wherein the deflecting element has at least onerecess for the accommodation of a transport element of the first orsecond transport unit.
 12. Sheet diverter as in claim 1, wherein thedeflecting element has a fork-shaped region that at least partiallyextends around a shaft of the pressure roller in order to couple themovements of the two elements.
 13. Sheet diverter as in claim 1, whereinthe actuating device comprises a lifting magnet that, in a non-switchedposition, holds the pressure roller in its first position and, in aswitched position, holds the pressure roller in its second position. 14.Sheet diverter as in claim 1, wherein the angle between the firsttransport path and the second transport path is at most 30°-35°. 15.Sheet diverter as in claim 1, wherein a transport element of the secondtransport unit is in contact with a transport element of the firsttransport unit and is driven thereby.
 16. Sheet diverter as in claim 1,wherein the transport units comprise belt drives.
 17. Sheet diverter asin claim 1, wherein each of the transport units comprises one centrallyarranged transport belt.
 18. Sheet diverter as in claim 1, wherein eachof the transport units comprises two transport belts that are arrangedoff-center and parallel to each other.
 19. Method for diverting a sheetout of a first transport path in which a sheet is transported through afirst transport unit, into a second transport path in which a sheet istransported through a second transport unit, wherein a deflectingelement is moved into the first transport path in such a manner that asheet being moved along said first path is deflected to the secondtransport path, characterized in that, while the deflecting member isbeing moved, a pressure roller is being moved out of a first positionwhere it is in contact with the first transport unit, and into a secondposition where it is in contact with the second transport unit. 20.Method as in claim 19, wherein the movements of the pressure roller andthe deflecting element are mechanically coupled with each other, and themovement of the two elements is accomplished by means of a singleactuator.
 21. Method as in claim 20, wherein the movement of thepressure roller is accomplished by means of a pivotable lever, saidlever being coupled with the actuator, on the one hand, and with thepressure roller, on the other hand.
 22. Method as in claim 19, whereinmovement of the pressure roller and the deflecting element,respectively, comprises a pivoting motion.